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nginx request_time

Posted by 夏泽民 May 21, 2019

1、request_time 官网描述：request processing time in seconds with a milliseconds resolution; time elapsed between the first bytes were read from the client and the log write after the last bytes were sent to the client 。 指的就是从接受用户请求的第一个字节到发送完响应数据的时间，即包括接收请求数据时间、程序响应时间、输出响应数据时间。

2、upstream_response_time 官网描述：keeps times of responses obtained from upstream servers; times are kept in seconds with a milliseconds resolution. Several response times are separated by commas and colons like addresses in the $upstream_addr variable

是指从Nginx向后端（php-cgi)建立连接开始到接受完数据然后关闭连接为止的时间。

从上面的描述可以看出，$request_time肯定大于等于$upstream_response_time，特别是使用POST方式传递参数时，因为Nginx会把request body缓存住，接受完毕后才会把数据一起发给后端。所以如果用户网络较差，或者传递数据较大时，$request_time会比$upstream_response_time大很多。

所以如果使用nginx的accesslog查看php程序中哪些接口比较慢的话，记得在log_format中加入$upstream_response_time。

根据引贴对官网描述的翻译： upstream_response_time:从 Nginx 建立连接 到 接收完数据并关闭连接 request_time:从 接受用户请求的第一个字节 到 发送完响应数据

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mysql instant add colum

Posted by 夏泽民 May 21, 2019

“Instant ADD COLUMN”，即“瞬加字段功能” 鹅厂工程师通过扩展MySQL InnoDB的存储格式，可以把原来几个小时才能完成的给表加字段命令，在1秒之内执行完成，更新TB级的表都是毛毛雨，有效地提高了数据库的管理效率，降低运维成本。 随着MySQL新版本的发布，陈福荣和梁飞龙将该特性提交到MySQL 8.0.12

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mysql ddl-ghost

Posted by 夏泽民 May 21, 2019

GHOST工作原理：

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TIME_WAIT和CLOSE_WAIT

Posted by 夏泽民 May 9, 2019
netstat -n awk ‘/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}’
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netpoller

Posted by 夏泽民 May 9, 2019

Go中网络交互采用多路复用的技术，具体到各个平台，即Kqueue、Epoll、Select、Poll等，下面以Linux下的Epoll实现为例进行分析。

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